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Wang Chuqin and the Mystery of CNT’s Coaching Neglect

Coaching in table tennis goes far beyond perfecting strokes or yelling, “Move your feet!” from the sidelines. It’s the backbone of champions, especially in China’s tightly controlled system, where resources and strategy shape everything. And somehow, Wang Chuqin has made history by becoming the first player ever to hold the world No. 1 ranking in men’s singles, doubles, and mixed doubles at the same time, yet he has never had the full coaching support his peers enjoy.

How does that even happen?

To unravel this mystery, we need to break down how the Chinese national table tennis team operates, why coaching is so crucial, and how Wang Chuqin slipped through the cracks.

While the Chinese National Table Tennis Team is officially abbreviated as CTTT, I prefer to use CNT, short for Chinese National Team, in my table tennis articles.

(The first section covers the basics of the CNT system, which is great if you’re unfamiliar with it, but feel free to skip ahead if you already know the details.)

A table tennis coach isn’t just there to refine technique or fire up players with dramatic pep talks. They’re more like project managers, overseeing every detail of a player’s development to ensure nothing is left to chance.

  • Skill Development – Sharpening technique, movement, and consistency.
  • Match Strategy – Analyzing opponents’ playstyles and crafting game plans.
  • On-Court Coaching – Providing real-time tactical adjustments, emotional guidance, and technical feedback during matches and practices.
  • Training Schedules – Structuring workouts and selecting sparring partners.
  • Advanced Tech & Analytics – Leveraging technology to analyze matches and optimize strategy.
  • Communication & Coordination: Managing the support team (fitness trainers, sports psychologists, medical experts, etc.), player relationships, sponsors, and tournament logistics.

At the highest level of any sport, raw talent isn’t enough. Every top player has already mastered the fundamentals. What separates winners from the runners-up is access to the right resources.

Take match preparation, for example. In table tennis, a player’s form constantly changes and can be unpredictable. Before every match, players need to analyze their opponent’s recent performances, sometimes going back several matches, to develop an effective strategy. This process is meant to be a collaborative effort between the coach and the player, ensuring the best tactical preparation.

Talent may be the weapon, but coaching is the gunsmith, providing the tools and strategy needed to win in a game with razor-thin margins.

In elite sports like tennis or Formula 1, top athletes have entire teams, “an army of experts”1 behind them, fine-tuning every aspect of their performance. Table tennis is no different. When the world’s best players are nearly equal in skill, even the slightest edge in preparation can tilt the scales.

And while this is true everywhere, the Chinese National Team takes it to another level.

Unlike most table tennis associations, the Chinese Table Tennis Association (CTTA) and its national team, the Chinese National Table Tennis Team (CNT), operate like a bureaucratic empire. They’re a key part of China’s state-sponsored sports machine, backed by the government and driven by national honor. It is, in essence, an authority within an authority.

The system mirrors China’s government structure, where power and resources are concentrated at the top. Many senior coaches, often former world champions, have the final say on everything, from training methods and resource allocation to player selection for major tournaments.

  • Head Coach – Oversees the entire program and makes key resource decisions.
  • Head Coach of the Men’s & Women’s Teams – Lead their respective squads, executing training plans and selection strategies. Typically serve as on-court coaches during singles and doubles matches.
  • Head Coach of the Mixed Doubles Unit – Oversees a squad of mixed doubles players but lacks exclusive players. Provides coaching during all mixed doubles matches.
  • Supervising Coaches – Manage small groups of players, handling daily training, strategic preparation, and logistics. Players in their group can request them as on-court coaches.

Among these, the mixed doubles unit is particularly interesting. It was introduced in January 2023 as a direct response to China’s failure to secure the first-ever mixed doubles gold at the Tokyo Olympics, an especially bitter pill to swallow because the loss was to Japan,2 a country with a tumultuous history with China. Since being assigned to this makeshift lineup, Wang Chuqin has been stuck in it, never fully integrated into the core structure of the men’s team. I’ll unpack this further later.

This is the coaching structure the CTTA announced in January 2023. As of today, there have been changes, including some players confirming they have left CNT, but no official updates have been given.

Just like the coaches, players follow a rigid hierarchy where promotions are carefully controlled. In the men’s team:

  • Top 3 players (“core players”) – Guaranteed spots in major events like the Olympics.
  • The 4th & 5th players (“main players”) – Serve as backups, trained to step in when needed.
  • When a core player retires or gets injured, main players move up, while younger prospects are groomed to fill the gaps.

This structured pipeline, known as “echelon-based team development” (梯队建设), ensures a smooth generational transition.

An integral tradition in this system is “the old leading the new” (以老带新), where experienced Olympians mentor younger players. Every Olympic cycle, one or two veterans pair with younger teammates to pass the torch. Deeply rooted in Chinese culture, this strategy has been a cornerstone of CNT’s long-term dominance.

As mentioned earlier, unlike other sports where athletes build their own personal teams, CNT players aren’t allowed private coaches or independent teams. Instead, each core player is assigned a supervising coach who oversees their training and competition schedule.

  • Every core player is paired with a supervising coach specializing in their development.
  • This coach leads a small training group, typically consisting of one core player (the “No. 1” in the group) and two to four secondary players, who often serve as sparring partners.
  • Group assignments are influenced by CNT’s internal competition, training style compatibility, and player-coach relationships.

This system ensures that core players receive priority resource access while secondary players still get structured development. In practice, it puts CNT’s echelon-based strategy into action, turning the theory of resource concentration into a daily training reality.

Every core player in CNT is supposed to have their own supervising coach.

Except Wang Chuqin.

Table tennis in China is not just a sport. It is a matter of national pride. For some Chinese, in major international events like the Olympics, “the medal tables are real-time trackers of national prowess and, by extension, of national dignity.”3 The system is not designed to develop individual players or to “create a national sporting culture that organically produces elite athletes.”4 It exists to uphold China’s collective dominance.

In theory, resources should flow to the strongest players, ensuring that those most capable of winning international titles receive full support. But in reality, resource distribution doesn’t always align with pure performance metrics. Instead, it’s controlled by the top layer of the system, the coaches, administrators, and decision-makers, who determine which players are worth prioritizing based on long-term strategy and their internal logic.

This means:

  • Yes, the CNT does prioritize national honor, but not every top talent gets equal access to resources.
  • Instead of rewarding pure performance, the system selectively invests in “safe bets,” players who fit the national team’s strategic roadmap.
  • Systemic favoritism exists not just due to individual bias but also because the structure itself allows for selective prioritization.

Put simply, team honor = national honor, but when the CNT operates like a machine, not every talent gets plugged in equally.

By 2023, by consistently delivering strong performances, Wang Chuqin had firmly established himself as one of CNT’s three core players, alongside Fan Zhendong and Ma Long. By early 2024, he made history as the first player ever to hold the No. 1 world ranking in singles, doubles, and mixed doubles simultaneously—an unprecedented achievement.

But what makes this insane?

Wang did it without the support system his rivals had.

  • No dedicated supervising coach or personal team.
  • No training structure was designed for him as a left-handed player.
  • No priority access to resources like other core players.

Let that sink in. The best player in the world, the one who, by CNT’s own logic, deserved top-tier support, was left to fend for himself. Wang Chuqin had to handle everything on his own, sometimes with head coaches of the men’s team, Qin Zhijian (before 2023) or Wang Hao (since 2023), analyzing opponents, adjusting strategies, and planning tactics, all while training and preparing for matches. That exhausting workload inevitably drained his energy and stunted his growth, but at least they were there, even if not exclusively for him, allowing him to learn from them.

How did this happen? And more importantly, how did this man break through the most rigid sports system in the world without the system fully backing him?

That’s the question I had, too. So I started digging and let my documentary-producer brain go into overdrive.

What I found was a tangled web of bureaucracy, politics, and sheer neglect.

And that’s where things get really interesting…

Where did the story start?

Wang Chuqin’s journey hasn’t been the typical “find a mentor, rise to the top” story. Instead, he’s had to navigate a system shaped by favoritism, unpredictable coaching assignments, and limited resources. While most core CNT players have long benefited from dedicated supervising coaches, Wang spent years shuffling from one coach to another. Or, at times, left without one altogether.

Back in 2014, Wang Chuqin earned his spot on CNT’s Second Team after winning both the U15 and U18 singles titles at the China National Junior & Youth Table Tennis Championships. By the end of 2015, he had clawed his way into Team One through internal selection matches.

But for nearly two years, he trained without a dedicated coach, just another young player trying to survive CNT’s rigid hierarchy. That changed in April 2017 when Coach Wu Jingping joined the national team.

Wang was placed in Wu’s training group, not just because CNT saw his potential but also because Xu Xin, the core player, needed a left-handed sparring partner to prepare for Tokyo 2020. Wang took on that role.

For the first time, he had a coach overseeing his progress. At 18, he racked up several singles and mixed doubles titles at youth tournaments, including the gold at the 2018 Youth Olympic Games.

But in CNT, stability never lasts long. Coach Wu left the team sometime in 2018 at the age of 64, with an official announcement following in February 2019. Wang was left in limbo.

A few months later, Coach Liu Guozheng stepped in to oversee Wang’s training and match coaching. The two were playfully dubbed the “start-up father and son” due to their fresh pairing and Liu’s hands-on coaching style.

Things started clicking. In April 2019, at just 19 years old, Wang Chuqin won his first major title in men’s doubles with Ma Long at the 2019 World Table Tennis Championships in Budapest. Six months later, he claimed his first singles title at the Swedish Open.

Momentum was building. Wang was on his way. And then came the turning point.

In November 2019, after a frustrating loss to a teammate at the Austrian Open, Wang slammed his paddle onto the table in anger. The outburst led to a three-month suspension. Worse, Coach Liu Guozheng was also suspended for a month, caught in the fallout of his player’s actions.5

Coming back was tough. Wang climbed the world rankings, breaking into the top 20 while enduring a two-year singles title drought. The COVID-19 pandemic only made things worse, canceling tournaments and disrupting the sport’s competitive rhythm.

His breakthrough finally came in January 2022, when he won a singles title in WTT Macao – Stars of China.6 Just as things seemed to be looking up, Coach Liu left the team due to personal career plans.

Wang, now a world top-15 player, was left without a coach. Again.

For an entire year, Wang Chuqin was on his own. No supervising coach. No structured training plan. And somehow, he still put together one of the most impressive runs of his career.

In October 2022, Wang helped his team win gold at the World Table Tennis Team Championships in Chengdu, which was his first time playing alongside Ma and Fan in such a major competition, a clear sign that he was solidifying his place as CNT’s third core player. He followed up with back-to-back singles titles at WTT Champions Macao and the WTT Cup Finals in Xinxiang, skyrocketing to World No. 3.

Then came the Asian Cup in Bangkok in November 2022. Wang was spotted alone at the airport, slurping instant noodles, while his teammates were likely surrounded by their coaches. Before the quarterfinal match, he needed a left-handed sparring partner to prepare for his opponent. But with no left-handed teammates available for him, Lin Yun-Ju, his lefty friend from TPE, stepped in to help. Then, during his matches, a teammate’s coach was temporarily assigned to him. Unsurprisingly, CNT exited early.

It was one of the most telling moments of the year. Frustrating to watch, and even more infuriating to realize it wasn’t an accident. This was CNT’s system at work.

By January 2023, Wang Chuqin had cemented his place as a stable World No. 3 and a core CNT player. That’s when CNT launched their new project: a mixed doubles unit. Coach Xiao Zhan was put in charge, and Wang was placed under his supervision.

But here’s the catch: Wang was never officially assigned a dedicated supervising coach like his peers. Calling Xiao his coach was more of a strategic compromise. Since Wang was the top seed in mixed doubles, Xiao’s attention was divided between him and other mixed doubles players. It was far from an exclusive coaching setup.

When it comes to Coach Xiao Zhan, my feelings are… complicated. On the one hand, Wang Chuqin finally had a coach he could communicate with directly, and they seemed to get along well. On the other, Xiao’s well-known high-intensity training style may have helped Wang level up his game, but also came with injuries and what I can only imagine as soul-crushing mental stress.

The real issue, though, was that Wang and Xiao had completely different priorities. And despite his reputation, Xiao turned out to be an unreliable support system when Wang needed him most.

Xiao Zhan was a CNT player in the 1980s, then spent the 1990s coaching in Qatar and Taiwan before returning to China in the 2000s. His biggest claim to fame was coaching Zhang Jike to become the fastest Grand Slam winner in history, collecting singles titles in the Olympics, World Championship, and World Cup in just 445 days (2011–2012).7

But after Zhang retired due to injuries (which, spoiler alert, might have had something to do with Xiao’s brutal training methods), Xiao struggled to find his place in CNT. So when the opportunity arose to lead the mixed doubles unit, he jumped at it. It was a fresh career move, not just for him but also for CNT—a brand-new coaching structure with promising yet untested results.

CNT was betting big on mixed doubles success. And Xiao spotted Wang Chuqin, a strong, aggressive player without a supervising coach or much internal support. Oh, and conveniently, Wang and Sun Yingsha had already become an unstoppable mixed doubles duo. Perfect for Xiao’s squad.

For Wang, having a coach with experience and connections was crucial for his Paris Olympic journey. A role as “my own people, own mentor” was something he had long desired. 😢

At the very least, Xiao seemed like he could offer a new chapter in Wang’s career. If only Wang had known that the “new chapter” would turn into a painful experience…

Xiao’s official job title is head of the mixed doubles unit. That sounds important, maybe even on par with the men’s and women’s team coaches. But in reality, it operates outside CNT’s traditional coaching hierarchy, relying on players from the men’s and women’s teams whenever schedules allow, making it a floating squad at best.

For Xiao, mixed doubles was the absolute priority. According to multiple interviews,8 Wang had to spend over 90% of his training time on mixed doubles. Even his early morning training sessions were dedicated entirely to mixed doubles—footwork adjustments, attacking angles, rhythm shifts, and swing speed. Everything revolved around mixed doubles rather than balancing training for all three events.

I can’t say with 100% certainty how this affected his singles career, but let’s be realistic: Mixed doubles isn’t a major focus for other top CNT male players. And when 90% of your preparation is centered on doubles strategy, how much time is left for analyzing singles opponents?

Rumor has it that Xiao Zhan went all in on a bet, staking his career on securing mixed doubles gold at the Paris Olympics. And he didn’t even try to hide it. In an interview, he admitted, “Since I’m in charge of Wang Chuqin’s training, I can take care of his singles and men’s doubles preparation, but if he doesn’t play well in mixed doubles, I’ll drop him. Winning the Olympic mixed doubles gold is my one and only mission.”9

Excuse me? That sounds less like a coach and more like an ultimatum.

As a top triple-event player, Wang was stuck in mixed doubles and never fully integrated into the core structure of the men’s team. But was it just Coach Xiao’s decision, or was the entire CNT administration behind this priority shift?

Coach Xiao Zhan may have had success in the past, but in his current position, he lacked authority compared to heavyweights like Coach Wang Hao and Ma Lin, the heads of the men’s and women’s teams. Even he admitted that getting Wang Chuqin and Sun Yingsha released from their respective teams for mixed doubles training wasn’t easy and sometimes required CTTA President Liu Guoliang’s intervention.

Xiao’s real incompetence, though, showed in communicating and advocating for Wang when it mattered most, especially in tournament scheduling. For years, Wang has been forced to play back-to-back matches like a marathon runner, while Xiao did nothing to change it.

In major tournaments,

  • As the tournament advanced, XD (mixed doubles) matches were typically scheduled earlier in the day, followed by men’s doubles and singles later. This meant Wang had to peak for XD first, aligning with Coach Xiao and CNT’s priority.
  • By the time Wang reached the later rounds of singles, he was already physically and mentally drained, while his opponents, who weren’t juggling three events, were fresher.
  • Meanwhile, Wang’s opponents, teammates, and even his doubles partners had more time to rest and reset. And guess what? They all had dedicated supervising coaches helping them prepare.

At WTT Star Contender Doha 2024, Wang Chuqin endured an insane five matches in just 11 hours and won them all 3-0, ultimately claiming the singles and mixed doubles titles.

Seven months earlier, at the 2023 World Table Tennis Championships in Durban, Wang Chuqin spent a record-breaking 10 hours and 16 minutes on court across 72 games. He won both mixed and men’s doubles titles, but in the singles final? He lost to Fan 2-4, later admitting he could barely focus on the ball by the end.

Throughout the eight-day of this WTTC, Wang was constantly running from one match to another. In three of those days, he had to play three matches in a single day. After winning the XD final, he had less than two hours before his singles quarterfinal. He was spotted face-down on a table in the training hall, trying to sneak in a nap, with his freshly won gold medal beside him.

And what did Xiao do about it? Nothing.

When many questioned whether Coach Xiao would challenge these unreasonable schedules, he reportedly said he couldn’t do anything. Yet, somehow, CNT allegedly negotiated to reschedule Wang Chuqin and Fan Zhendong’s men’s doubles (MD) R32 match because the original schedule was irrational, set too close to Fan’s singles R64 match in the afternoon. As a result, it was moved to the night session, just 1hr 20min after Wang’s mixed doubles R32 match.

Moreover, night matches were routinely delayed, and that day was no exception. Wang finished XD around 9:10 PM, then had to rush to the next table for MD at 9:30 PM, barely enough time to wipe off sweat before running over.

Of course, remember CNT’s resource allocation favoritism? As CNT’s strongest player, Fan had the best shot at both singles and doubles gold, so he got the more reasonable schedule he needed. But Wang, the workhorse who played the most matches, was treated like a fire extinguisher, only grabbed when things went up in flames.

Then came the Paris Olympics, and things only got worse.

As a triple-event player, Wang Chuqin had already been dealing with a persistent shoulder injury for months that had severely affected his forehand. Rumor had it that CNT requested his singles R16 match to be moved after the XD final, likely to ensure China secured XD gold first, in case his physical condition worsened.

And we all know what happened next.

Right after the emotional high of winning Olympic XD gold, Wang discovered that his paddle had been broken in the coaching area. And less than 10 hours, including sleep, he had to play his R16 match while in a “physical and mental state that seemed to be at a breaking point.” He crashed out early.

Later, he admitted that the result might have differed if his R16 match had been pushed back that day. Yet Coach Xiao and CNT didn’t even try to renegotiate the schedule, not even after one of the most infamous incidents in Olympic table tennis history.

I still remember that heartbreaking moment. When Wang saw his broken paddle, he was visibly overwhelmed. In frustration, he asked, “Complain them! Why can’t we complain?”

Xiao’s response? “It’s useless.”

Not “I’ll talk to the officials.” Not Let’s figure this out.” Just a flat-out dismissal.

At a time when Wang needed someone to fight for him, to stand up for fairness, to at least try, he got nothing.

It’s one thing to avoid conflict. It’s another thing to not even try to push back against the system. And when a coach chooses silence over standing up for his player, that’s not just incompetence—it’s negligence.

Another piece of the puzzle fell into place recently.

For months leading up to the Olympics, Wang Chuqin struggled with a mysterious shoulder injury. He tried physical therapy, strength training, acupuncture, cortisone shots, and countless painkillers, but nothing worked. Instead of escalating the issue for proper medical care, Coach Xiao brushed it off as “normal” and told Wang to just “push through.”

Sound familiar?

Xiao’s training philosophy is known for its intensity: relentless drills, excessive workload, and extreme discipline. It may have helped players improve in a short period, but it also led to severe injuries. Zhang Jike is a prime example—one of the most successful table tennis players, but he retired early due to chronic back and hip injuries.10 Wang Manyu also suffered severe knee pain under Xiao’s coaching, particularly around 2022.

And with Wang Chuqin? Nothing changed.

Wang has long been called the hardest-working player in CNT. In the two years leading up to Paris, he followed a “6 AM to 10 PM” training routine, often the first to arrive and the last to leave. Under Xiao’s guidance, the workload only intensified. (Check out this training video. Is this really necessary? Draining yourself to the limit—for what? Is it worth it?)

While Wang kept pushing through the pain, his shoulder injury lingered for months, reaching its worst point at the Olympics. Even after winning XD gold and suffering an unexpected singles exit, Xiao never escalated the issue until a senior doctor happened to step in and diagnose the problem correctly.

Ironically, it was the exact same injury Zhang Jike suffered at the London Olympics in 2012 when Xiao was his coach. You’d think he would’ve learned by now.

Neither negligence nor “doesn’t care” indifference thoroughly explains it. And I still can’t wrap my head around it. Awful.

Thankfully, in a recent interview at the Asian Cup in Shenzhen, where Wang stood holding the champion trophy, he revealed that after discussions with Coach Wang Hao and Xiao Zhan, he’s no longer training with the same extreme intensity as before or draining himself completely in daily practice.

After years of burning himself out, he’s finally taking control.

Coach Xiao Zhan’s lack of involvement didn’t stop at scheduling and injuries; it extended to match-day coaching, too. An on-court coach provides tactical guidance and emotional support during matches. While the heads of the men’s and women’s teams typically take charge in singles and doubles, players can choose their supervising coach for singles matches. Top players like Liang Jingkun and Sun Yingsha always have their supervising coaches by their side.

When Xiao became Wang’s coach, Wang chose him as his on-court coach for major events like the 2023 WTTC. He even said, “Amid long-term collaboration in the future, we need to understand each other better through matches.”

From what I’ve seen, Coach Xiao is present at tournaments where Wang Chuqin competes in both singles and mixed doubles, but at singles-only events, his presence has been inconsistent.

The last time Xiao was spotted courtside for Wang’s singles match? His R16 loss in Paris.

After the Olympics, having fulfilled the mission of winning mixed doubles gold, Wang fell into a slump, struggling through yet another stretch of back-to-back competitions. Meanwhile, Xiao was sometimes seen on personal vacations or in the training hall with Wang, but for the most part, he was focused on coaching other XD players.

(Updated Feb 27: Rumor has it that Xiao’s absence was due to a severe shoulder injury that required surgery. Well, a brutal training style that even injured the coach himself? Hopefully, this 57-year-old coach has recovered well.)

That said, over the past half-year, the Wang-Xiao partnership has felt loose. And once again, Wang is without an actual supervising coach.

Writing this far has left me exhausted. Emotionally drained.

Watching Wang Chuqin’s matches started as pure joy. We discovered him and celebrated his rise. But then came the shock, the confusion, the frustration, and eventually, deep disappointment with the system surrounding him.

Just last week at the Asian Cup, Wang won his second continental title (his first was at the 2023 Asian Games, where he swept all four events in history). Yet before the tournament began, he was seen practicing alone with a young training partner, while teammates were surrounded by head coach Wang Hao, their supervising coaches, and strength trainers—an entire support team.

If Wang Chuqin has proven anything, it’s that he doesn’t need the system’s full support to succeed. But that doesn’t mean he should have to struggle for the basic support he deserves.

He deserves a real supervising coach who prioritizes his entire career, not just men’s doubles or mixed doubles. Someone who will travel with him, strategize with him, and provide the level of support other CNT players take for granted.

He’s fought his way to the top. Now it’s CNT’s turn to step up and support him properly.

And I’ll be watching to see what happens next.

Read Also

Wang Chuqin’s Olympic Injury Story that We All Missed

“Giving my all to be my best self.” Interview by Table Tennis World

Wang Chuqin’s Recent Slump: He’s More Than Just a Non-Stop Ping-pong Machine

Interviews | WTT Finals Fukuoka

References

  1. Entourage: The team behind the champion – US Open Tennis ↩︎
  2. Chinese Athlete Tearfully Apologizes for Winning Silver in Table Tennis – VICE ↩︎
  3. Tokyo Olympics: Chinese nationalists turn on their athletes – BBC ↩︎
  4. Is China Gaming the System or Playing the Game? | Council on Foreign Relations ↩︎
  5. China suspends Wang Chuqin – International Table Tennis Federation ↩︎
  6. Wang Chuqin and Wang Manyu Prevail At WTT Macao ↩︎
  7. ZHANG Jike – Olympics ↩︎
  8. “Giving my all to be my best self.” Interview by Table Tennis World
    《绽放巴黎》中国乒乓球队:不止冠军 – YouTube ↩︎
  9. Coach Xiao Zhan’s Interview March 2023 ↩︎
  10. Zhang Jike changing his heart on retirement – International Table Tennis Federation ↩︎



One response to “Wang Chuqin and the Mystery of CNT’s Coaching Neglect”

  1. Thank you for writing this. It brings a whole new light to the challenging path that this young man had fought hard to trudge through and is still batting onwards.

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